Bospor

Bosporský prieliv, ktorý rozdeľuje Istanbul a európske Turecko, je prírodným prielivom a hlavnou vodnou cestou na svete. Oddeľuje Anatóliu a Tráciu v Turecku a je súčasťou kontinentálnej hranice medzi Áziou a Európou.
S výnimkou najsevernejšej časti Bosporského prielivu sú obe strany plné ľudí, pričom v metropolitnej oblasti Istanbul žije 17 miliónov ľudí.

Bosporský prieliv a Dardanelský prieliv na druhom konci Marmarského mora tvoria Turecké prielivy.
Časť Bosporského prielivu, ktorá má tendenciu dostať sa do bahna, je pravidelne drvená a na niektorých miestach pozdĺž Istanbulu bola pobrežná čiara posilnená betónom alebo troskami.

Geografické charakteristiky Bosporu

Bosporský prieliv spája Čierne more s Marmarským morom a odtiaľ Dardanelský prieliv, ktorý spája Egejské a Stredozemné more. Východné Stredozemné more, Balkán, Blízky východ a Západná Eurázia sú všetky spojené touto pevninou. Takže Bospor je dôležitou medzinárodnou vodnou cestou, najmä pre tovar pochádzajúci z Ruska. Spája Čierne more so Stredozemným morom, Atlantickým oceánom a Indickým oceánom cez Gibraltár a Suezský kanál.

Located a short distance from Kurucesme in the Bosporus is a single, tiny island. In 1880, Sultan Abdülhamid II presented the island to the Armenian architect Sarkis Balyan, and since then it has become known as Galatasaray Island (Galatasaray Adasi). The island, now home to the Galatasaray Sports Club after having been a walled garden and a water sports center, was once the site of his home. However, it became overbuilt with nightclubs in the 2010s, and many of them were demolished in 2017. In the summer of 2022, it reopened to the public.

História Bosporu

The Bosporus has been and continues to be a vital passageway for trade and defense because it connects the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Russia and Ukraine, among others, use this waterway extensively. The Dardanelles Strait has been contested in several modern wars, including the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) and the Allied Powers' attack on the Dardanelles in World War I's Battle of Gallipoli (1915). The significance of the Bosporus as a grain route to the rest of the world was brought into sharp focus in 2022 when Russia invaded Ukraine.

Bosporus v mytológii

V gréckej mytológii je Bospor pomenovaný podľa postavy Io, ktorá sa zmenila na kravu a bola odsúdená na putovanie po Zemi, kým nedosiahla Bosporský prieliv, kde bola konečne zachránená od draka, ktorý ju prenasledoval.

Clashing Rocks, alebo Symplegades, boli obrovské plávajúce skaly, ktoré sa hovorilo, že strážili obe strany Bosporu v gréckej mytológii a zlomili akúkoľvek loď, ktorá sa pokúsila prejsť cez prieliv.

Mosty Bosporus

Na Bosporus sa rozprestierajú tri typy mostov: dva zavesené mosty a most s káblom. 15. júl Mučeníci most, pôvodne nazývaný most Bosporus, bol dokončený v roku 1973 a meria 1074 metrov (3 524 stôp) v dĺžke. Druhý most, nazývaný Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Bosporus II) most, bol dokončený v roku 1988 a nachádza sa asi 5 kilometrov (3 míle) severne od prvého.

The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is part of the Trans-European Motorway, while the first Bosporus Bridge is part of the O1 Motorway. The third bridge is the 2,164-meter-long (7,100-foot-long) Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, which was finished in 2016. It is part of the "Northern Marmara Motorway," integrated into the already existing Black Sea Coastal Highway, and it allows through traffic to avoid city traffic near the northern end of the Bosporus, between the villages of Garipce on the European side and Poyrazköy on the Asian side.

The Bosphorus Bridge

One of three suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: Bogazici) in Istanbul, Turkey, the Bosphorus Bridge (Turkish: Bogazici Köprüsü) is also known as the First Bridge (Turkish: Birinci Köprü) and the 15 July Martyrs Bridge (Turkish: 15 Temmuz Sehitler Köprüsü) (alongside the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and the Yavuz Sultan Selim; both Ortaköy (in Europe) and Beylerbeyi (in Asia) are connected by this bridge in Asia).

Oceľové veže a svorky vytvárajú zavesenie most, ktorý sa spolieha na gravitáciu. Oceľové káble podporujú aerodynamický deck. Má dĺžku 1,560 metrov (5,118 stôp) a šírku 33,40 metrov (105 stôp; 110 stôp). Hlavný rozsah je 1,074 metrov (3,524 stôp) v dĺžke a najvyššia veža je 165 metrov (541 stôp) nad zemou. Na 64 metrov nad morom má most dostatok priestoru na prechod (210 stôp).

The Bosphorus Bridge, which opened to traffic in 1973, boasted the longest suspension bridge span anywhere in the world outside of the United States (only the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Mackinac Bridge had a longer span in 1973).

The Humber Bridge in 1981 surpassed the Bosphorus Bridge as Europe's longest suspension bridge, and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (the Second Bosphorus Bridge) in 1988 surpassed it in Asia (which was surpassed by the Minami Bisan-Seto Bridge in 1989). The suspension bridge span of the Bosphorus Bridge is the 42nd longest in the world as of this writing.

25. júla 2016 oznámil premiér Binali Yildirim, že Turecký kabinet rozhodol oficiálne premenovať most na 15. júla Sehitler Koprüsü (Mŕtvy most z 15. júla) na počesť tých, ktorí zomreli bojom proti pokusu o vojenský prevrat 15. júla 2016.
The Bosphorus Bridge is well-known because it links different parts of Europe and Turkey.

Most Fatih Sultan Mehmet

Nachádza sa v Istanbule, Turecko, cez Bosporský prieliv je Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (tiež napísaný Fatih Sultan Mehmed Köprüsü, F.S.M. Köprüsü, alebo 2. Köprü), tiež známy ako Sultan Mehmed Conqueror Bridge (Turecký: Bogazici). Keď sa prvýkrát otvoril v roku 1988, mal piaty najdlhší zavesený most na svete.

The Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, who in 1453 took control of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), named the bridge after himself. Highways 1 and 5 in Asia, as well as Otoyol 2 in Turkey, all converge here from Europe. In addition to the Bosphorus Bridge and the 1915 Canakkale Bridge, Turkey is home to three other bridges that span the continents of Europe and Asia: the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, the 15 July Martyrs Bridge, and the Bosphorus Bridge.

- umiestnenie

Connecting Istanbul's European district of Hisarüstü to the Asian district of Kavacik is this bridge (Asian side). It uses steel pylons and vertical hangers to create a suspension bridge that is anchored to the ground by gravity. Two vertical steel cables support the aerodynamic deck. It has a deck width of 39 m and is 1,510 m in total length. The main span is 1,090 meters, and the towers rise 105 meters above the surrounding landscape. The bridge has a 64-meter vertical clearance above mean sea level.

Most Yavuz Sultan Selim

Located to the north of two existing suspension bridges in Istanbul, Turkey is the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, also known as the Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü. The original name for this bridge was the Third Bosphorus Bridge (with the 15 July Martyrs Bridge being the First Bosphorus Bridge and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge being the Second Bosphorus Bridge). Garipce in European Sariyer and Poyrazköy in Asian Beykoz is where the bridge connects, and both are close to the Black Sea entrance to the Bosphorus strait.

29. mája 2013 sa konala slávnostná poloha základného kameňa. 26. augusta 2016 bol most otvorený pre vozidlovú dopravu.

The bridge is 322 meters (1,056 feet) tall, making it one of the world's tallest. As far as bridges go, it comes in at number five on the list of the world's tallest. At 58.4 meters (192 feet), the bridge is also among the widest suspension bridges in the world.

Najčastejšie otázky o mostoch Bospor

QČo sú to mosty Bospor?

AMosty Bosporus sú dva mosty, ktoré prechádzajú Bosporským prielivom v Istanbule v Turecku.

QKedy boli postavené mosty Bospor?

A: The first Bosphorus Bridge was completed in 1973, the second Bosphorus Bridge was completed in 1988, and the third Bosphorus Bridge was completed in 2017.

QČo je cieľom mostov Bosporus?

AMosty Bosporus sú dôležitým spojom medzi európskymi a ázijskými časťami Istanbulu, ktoré uľahčujú cestovanie a podnikanie medzi oboma časťami mesta.

Q: What is the name of the first Bosphorus Bridge?

A: The first Bosphorus Bridge is called the 15 July Martyrs Bridge.

Q: What is the name of the second Bosphorus Bridge?

A: The second Bosphorus Bridge is called the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.

Q: What is the name of the third Bosphorus Bridge?

A: The third Bosphorus Bridge is called the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge.

QAko dlho sú mosty Bospor?

A: The 15 July Martyrs Bridge is 1,560 meters long, while the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is 1,408 meters long.

QMôžu autá jazdiť na mostoch Bospor?

AÁno, oba mosty majú cesty pre autá, ako aj chodníky pre chodcov.

QJe tu nejaký poplatok za prechod cez mosty Bospor?

A: Áno, za prechod cez mosty Bosporus sa platí poplatok.

QSú mosty Bosporus otvorené 24 hodín denne?

A: Áno, mosty Bosporus sú otvorené 24 hodín denne.

QMôžu byť mosty Bosporu vidieť z výletu loďou po Bosporskom prielive?

AÁno, výlety loďou do Bosporského prielivu zvyčajne prechádzajú pod mostami Bospor a ponúkajú výhľad na mosty z vody.

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Mapa Bosporu