Masjid Fatih

Located on Fevzi Pasa Caddesi in the Fatih neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey, the massive Fatih Mosque (Turkish: Fatih Camii, "Conqueror's Mosque" in English) is an Ottoman mosque. Between 1463 and 1470, the site that was formerly the Church of the Holy Apostles was converted into the first mosque in the area. After the devastating 1766 earthquake, it was completely rebuilt in 1771. When the Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (Fatih Sultan Mehmed in Turkish) took Constantinople in 1453, he was honored with the naming of this district.

Once an integral part of the Fatih Mosque, the Sahn-i Seman Medrese was a major academic institution for the study of theology, law, medicine, astronomy, physics, and mathematics. Ali Qushji set it up. He was a Turkic astronomer whom Mehmed had asked to come to his court in Istanbul.

Pada tahun 2009 dan lagi pada tahun 2019, seluruh kompleks masjid mengalami restorasi yang luas.

Arsitektur Masjid Fatih dan latar belakangnya

Between 1463 and 1470, at Fatih Sultan Mehmed's behest, construction began on a religious and social complex in Istanbul that would set new standards for size and complexity.

Masjid ini menggantikan gereja Bizantium yang telah mengalami kerusakan sejak Perang Salib Keempat dan hancur untuk membuat tempat bagi itu.Sebelum pembinaan masjid, Kaisar Romawi Konstantinus dikubur di gereja, dengan sarkofagusnya duduk di tengah-tengah dua belas sarkofagus lainnya yang mewakili dua belas rasul, di tempat simbolis Kristus.

Dalam tradisi arsitektur kekaisaran Ottoman, Masjid Fatih adalah bangunan besar pertama yang dirancang dan dibangun oleh arsitek Yunani Atik Sinan.

Eight medreses, a library, a hospital (darüssifa), an inn for dervishes (taphane), a caravanserai, a market, a hamam, a primary school (mektep), a public kitchen (imaret), and a collection of 280 shops were all part of the original complex. Later, many crypts, known as türbes, were constructed. The original complex stretched along the Fevzi Pasa Caddesi side of the Golden Horn for about 325 meters (1,066 feet).

An earthquake in 1509 severely damaged the original mosque. After that, it was fixed, but earthquakes in 1557 and 1754 caused more damage, so it had to be fixed again. In an earthquake on May 22, 1766, the main dome collapsed and the walls were severely damaged, causing the mosque's destruction.

Sultan Mustafa III meminta arsitek Mehmet Tahir Aga untuk membangun masjid saat ini antara 1767 dan 1771.

Arsitektur Masjid Fatih

eksternal

The original Fatih Mosque was built on four arches, with a central dome that was supported by a semi-dome of the same diameter on the qibla side. It had a dome that was 26 meters in diameter. After the devastating earthquake of 1766, a second Baroque mosque was constructed with a square layout. It's topped by one large dome and surrounded by four smaller ones. All that remains of the original design are the courtyard, the portal leading to the main entrance, and the base of the minarets.

interiornya

The interior features of the Fatih Mosque today are virtually identical to those featured in earlier iterations of the mosque, which Sinan and his successors used extensively throughout Istanbul (this technique is evocative of the Hagia Sophia). Four large marble columns hold up the central dome, which measures 26 meters in diameter.

The twin galleries in each of the two minarets make this structure unique. Though the mosque's interior and mimbar display Baroque influences, the mosque's white tiles lack the opulence of the Iznik tiles used in other mosques like the Rüstem Pasha Mosque.

Kompleks Masjid Fatih

The Fatih Mosque, like many other imperial mosques in Istanbul, is part of a larger kulliye, or complex, that includes other buildings to meet the city's religious and cultural needs.

Sahn-i Seman adalah delapan madrasas besar yang terletak di utara dan selatan masjid. Setiap struktur simetris ini menampung 18 sel, cukup ruang untuk empat siswa, dan satu dershane. Konstruksi jalan menghancurkan bangunan luar di belakang madrasah. Sekitar seribu siswa dapat disimpan oleh madrasah, menjadikannya universitas yang signifikan untuk masa itu.

Di luar sudut tenggara dari tanah masjid adalah sebuah rumah dervis dengan halaman yang indah yang dipegang oleh 16 kolom yang berbeda dari kuno hijau dan granit, yang paling mungkin dikembalikan dari Gereja Para Rasul Suci.

The massive Baroque tomb of Sultan Mahmud II's mother, Naksidil Sultan, stands opposite the dervish inn (1761–1817).

Ada kuburan (turbes) Sultan Mehmed II dan istrinya Gülbahar Hatun di pemakaman yang berdekatan dengan masjid.Setelah gempa bumi, perbaikan dilakukan pada keduanya.

After being given the Sword of Osman at the Eyüp Sultan Mosque, it was traditional for the new sultan to pay a visit to his tomb. Gulbahar's türbe has cleaner, more traditional lines than the original, and it may be remarkably similar to it. Many other notable state officials are buried there as well, such as field marshal Gazi Osman Pasha, whose tomb was designed by Kemaleddin Bey. In 2016, Halil Inalcik, a renowned Ottoman scholar and university professor, was laid to rest in this cemetery.

The mosque is joined to the 1724 dome-topped Carullah Efendi Library on one side. There are three doors: one that leads directly out onto the street, and two that lead into the mosque's inner courtyard. The books in the Suleymaniye Library are safe while the building is being repaired.

In the 1980s, the caravanserai was renovated and joined with adjacent stores to become a place of business. Many of the original building's features, like a hospital, market, kitchens, and hamam, have been taken down.

 Pertanyaan yang Sering Ditanyakan Tentang Masjid Fatih

QApa itu Masjid Fatih?

a): The Fatih Mosque is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey.

Q: Where is the Fatih Mosque located?

a)Masjid Fatih terletak di lingkungan Fatih Istanbul, Turki.

QApa sejarah Masjid Fatih?

a)Masjid Fatih dibangun oleh Sultan Ottoman Mehmed II pada abad ke-15, dan namanya diambil dari namanya sebagai penaklukan Konstantinopel.

QApa arti dari Masjid Fatih?

a)Masjid Fatih adalah salah satu masjid terbesar dan paling penting di Istanbul, dan telah memainkan peran sentral dalam sejarah dan kehidupan agama kota selama berabad-abad.

Q: What are the opening hours of the Fatih Mosque?

a)Masjid Fatih dibuka untuk pengunjung setiap hari dari pukul 9:00 sampai pukul 17:00.

QBerapa biaya untuk mengunjungi Masjid Fatih?

a)Tidak ada biaya masuk untuk mengunjungi Masjid Fatih.

Q: What is the dress code for the Fatih Mosque?

a)Pengunjung Masjid Fatih diharapkan berpakaian sederhana dan menutupi bahu dan lutut mereka.

QApakah ada panduan yang tersedia di Masjid Fatih?

a)Ya, ada panduan sukarelawan yang tersedia untuk memberikan informasi tentang Masjid Fatih.

QApa saja transportasi yang bisa dilakukan ke Masjid Fatih?

a)Masjid Fatih dapat diakses dengan mudah dengan taksi atau transportasi umum.

QApakah ada batasan untuk mengambil foto di Masjid Fatih?

a)Ya, mengambil foto di dalam Masjid Fatih dibatasi, tetapi pengunjung diizinkan mengambil foto di halaman dan area lain di luar gedung.

Anda dapat memesan tur kota Istanbul dengan panduan wisata kami yang berlisensi. tautan di bawah ini:

Peta dari Masjid Fatih